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Republicanism is the guiding political philosophy of the United States. It has been a major part of American civic thought since its founding.〔Robert E. Shalhope, "Toward a Republican Synthesis: The Emergence of an Understanding of Republicanism in American Historiography," William and Mary Quarterly, 29 (January 1972), 49–80〕 It stresses ''liberty'' and ''"unalienable" rights'' as central values, making people sovereign as a whole, rejects aristocracy and inherited political power, expects citizens to be independent in their performance of civic duties, and vilifies corruption.〔Richard Buel, ''Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1789–1815'' (1972)〕 American republicanism was founded and first practiced by the Founding Fathers in the 18th century. For them, according to one team of historians, "republicanism represented more than a particular form of government. It was a way of life, a core ideology, an uncompromising commitment to liberty, and a total rejection of aristocracy."〔Robert A. Divine, T. H. Breen, et al. ''The American Story'' (3rd ed. 2007) p 147〕 Republicanism was based on Ancient Greco-Roman, Renaissance, English models and ideas.〔Becker et al (2002), ch 1〕 It formed the basis for the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Constitution (1787), as well as the Gettysburg Address (1863). Republicanism may be distinguished from other forms of democracy as it asserts that people have unalienable rights that cannot be voted away by a majority of voters.〔John Phillip Reid, ''Constitutional History of the American Revolution'' (2003) p 76〕 Alexis de Tocqueville warned about the "tyranny of the majority" in a democracy, and suggested the courts should try to reverse the efforts of the majority of terminating the rights of an unpopular minority.〔Kyle G. Volk, "The Perils of 'Pure Democracy': Minority Rights, Liquor Politics, and Popular Sovereignty in Antebellum America," ''Journal of the Early Republic'' Volume 29, Number 4, Winter 2009 ; Volk, Kyle G. (2014). ''Moral Minorities and the Making of American Democracy''. New York: Oxford University Press.〕 The term "republicanism" is derived from the term "republic", but the two words have different meanings. A "republic" is a form of government (one without a hereditary ruling class); "republicanism" refers to the values of the citizens in a republic.〔Hart, (2002), ch 1〕 Two major parties were explicitly named after the idea—the Republican party of Thomas Jefferson (founded in 1793, and often called the "Democratic-Republican Party"), and the current Republican party, founded in 1854.〔Robert Williams, ''Horace Greeley: champion of American freedom'' (2006) p 175-6〕 ==The American Revolution== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Republicanism in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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